East Asian Economy Essay, Research Paper
A large economic downturn in East Asia threatens to end its nearly
30 year run of high growth rates. The crisis has caused Asian currencies
to fall 50-60%, stock markets to decline 40%, banks to close, and property
values to drop. The crisis was brought
on by currency devaluations, bad banking practices, high foreign debt,
loose government regulation, and corruption. Due to East Asia?s large
impact on the world economy, the panic in Thailand, Indonesia, Korea, and
other Asian countries has prompted other
countries to worry about the affect on their own economies and offer aid
to the financially troubled nations (Sanger 1).
The East Asian crisis has affected almost all of the Asian
nations, but the three hardest hit countries are Thailand, Indonesia, and
South Korea. The panic began in Thailand in May of 1997 when speculators,
worried about Thailand?s slowing economy, exces
sive debt, and political instability devalued the baht as they fled for
market-driven currencies like the American dollar. Indonesia?s economy
soon fell soon after when the rupiah hit a record low against the U.S.
dollar. Indonesia is plagued by more than
$70 billion worth of bad debts and a corrupt and inefficient government.
Thailand and Indonesia also suffer from being overbuilt during real estate
booms that
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investors. South Korea faltered under the weight of its huge foreign debt,
decreasing exports, and weakening currency (Lochhead 4-5).
Other major countries touched by the crisis are Japan, China,
Malaysia, and the Philippines. Japan?s economy is burdened by $300 billion
in bad bank loans and a recession. Chinese banks may carry bad banks loans
of up to $1 trillion. The banks lend 66%
of China?s investment capital to state-run industries that only produce
12% of China?s industrial output (Manning 2). Malaysia and the Philippines
are both faced with devalued currencies and lowered stock markets
(Lochhead 5).
The implications of the Asian financial crisis are many. A
declining Asian economy will reduce demand for U.S. and other countries?
exports. The devalued currencies of East Asia will make Asian imports seen
cheap and will lead to increased American impor
ts, thus increasing our trade deficit (Lochhead 2). A worldwide banking
emergency could result if the embattled Asian economies failed to pay back
their loans to the U.S. and other countries (Duffy 2). If the Asian
economies fall further, in a desire to r
aise cash, they might sell the hundreds of billion dollars of U.S.
treasuries they now own, leading to higher interest rates and an American
recession (Lacayo 2). An article in the Economist reported that the Asian
economic turmoil and the layoffs that may result, could instigate
increased discontent and possibly give rise to violent strikes, riots, and
greater political instability (1-2).
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Since the financial tumult causes instability in the world market,
several solutions have been proposed designed to restore the health of the
Asian economy. The International Monetary Fund is offering $60 billion in
aid packages to Thailand, Indonesia, a
nd South Korea (Lacayo 1). The aid will be used for converting short-term
debt to long-term debt and to keep currencies from falling lower in the
world market (Passell 2). Lower currency values make repaying loans to
other nations more difficult (Sanger 1
). The aid packages are tied to measures that will ensure that the
recipient countries reform their economies. Some of the measures the
nations must follow are increasing taxes to decrease budget deficits,
ending corruption, increasing banking regulation,
improving accounting information so investors can make better decisions,
closing insolvent banks, selling off inefficient state enterprises, and
increasing interest rates to slow growth and encourage stability (Lacayo
3).
Hopefully these market reforms will allow East Asia to improve its
economic outlook. Since most of the Asian nations have balanced budgets,
low inflation, cheap labor, pro-business governments, and high savings
rates, the long-term outlook for these coun tries is very good (Marshall
1). The financial crisis, instead of destroying the Asian tigers, will
merely serve as a much needed lesson in debt management, orderly growth,
competent accounting practices, and efficient government. Considering the
size of Asia?s contribution to the world economy, a rapid recovery will be
greatly anticipated.