Taming The Beast: Pathological Narcissism And The Quality Of Life Essay, Research Paper
Sam Vaknin’s Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web SitesPart 1Many textbooks (and many patients …) claim that the psychodynamic therapies when applied to personality disorders are ineffective. Functional (cognitive, behavioral) treatments should be preferred in certain cases and regarding certain aspects of the disorder.
To a Narcissist, I would recommend a beavioral-cognitive-functional and less protracted type of therapy.
(1) Know and accept thyself. This is what you are. You are highly intelligent. You are very inquisitive. You are a Narcissist. These are facts. Narcissism is an adaptive mechanism. It is dysfunctional – but it saves you from a LOT MORE dysfunction or even a-function. Make a list: what does it mean to be a Narcissist in your specific case? What are your typical behaviour patterns? Which types of behaviour are counterproductive, irritating, self-defeating or self-destructive? Which are productive, constructive and should be enhanced DESPITE their pathological origin?
(2) Decide to suppress the first and to promote the latter. Construct lists of self-punishments, negative feedback and negative reinforcements. Impose them upon yourself when you exhibit one of the behaviours in the first list. Make a list of prizes, little indulgences, positive feedbacks and positive reinforcements. Use them to reward yourself when you display a behaviour of the second kind.
(3) Keep doing this with the express intent of conditioning yourself. Be objective, predictable and just in the administration of both punishments and awards, positive reinforcements and feedback and negative ones. Learn to trust your “inner court”. Constrain the sadistic, immature and ideal parts of your personality (known as “superego” in psychoanalytic parlance) by the application of a uniform codex, a set of immutable and invariably applied rules.
(4) Once sufficiently conditioned, monitor yourself incessantly. Narcissism is sneaky and it possesses all your resources because it is you. It is intelligent because you are. Beware and never lose control. With time this onerous regime will become a second habit and supplant the Narcissistic (pathological) superstructure.
All the above can be amply summed by suggesting to you to become your own parent. This is what parents do and the process is called “education” or “socialization”. If your particular path to the adoption of this course is a particular therapy – go ahead. As a metaphor, a narrative, no therapeutic approach is better or worse than any other
Part 2In the previous part we discussed the healing prospects of a Narcissist. yet, how can a False Self be anything but false? How can anyone on a permanent diet of reflections ever see true objects? How can the Narcissist – whose essence is the devouring of meaningful others and their transformation into meaningless and other – ever love?
The answer is: discipline, decisiveness, clear targets, conditioning, justice. The Narcissist is the product of unjust, capricious and cruel treatment. He is the finished product of a production line of self recrimination, guilt and fear. He needs to take the antidote to counter the Narcissistic poison. Unfortunately, there is no drug I know of which can ameliorate pathological Narcissism. Confronting one s parents and childhood is a good idea if the Narcissist feels that he is ready for it. Can he take it? Can he cope with new truths, however painful? The Narcissist must be careful. This is playing with fire. But if he feels confident that there is nothing that can be revealed to him in such a confrontation that he cannot withstand – it is a good and wise move in the right direction. My advice to the Narcissist would then be: just dedicate a lot of time to rehearsing it and define well what is it exactly that you want to ask. Do not turn this into a monodrama, group dynamics or trial. Ask so that you shall be answered. Don’t try to prove anything, to vindicate, to avenge, to take revenge, to win, to exculpate. Talk as you would with yourself. Do not try to sound professional, mature, intelligent, knowledgeable and distanced. There is no “problem to solve” – just a condition to adjust yourself to. Think about it as diabetes.
At the risk of sounding heartless, I will make three concluding comments:
(a) The Narcissist should take life in general and yourself, in particular, much less seriously. Being immersed in one’s self and in one’s condition is never the right recipe to functionality, let alone happiness. The world is a comic, absurd place. It is indeed a theater to be enjoyed. It is full of colors and smells and sounds to be treasured and cherished. It is varied and it accommodates and tolerates everyone and everything, even Narcissists.
(b) The Narcissist should regard your condition as an advantage. I am NPD. So I write about it. My advice to the Narcissist would be: ask yourself what can you do with it? In Chinese the ideogram for “crisis” and “opportunity” is one and the same. Why don’t you transform the curse in your life – into a blessing in other people’s lives? Why don’t you tell them your story, warn them, teach them how to avoid the same pitfalls, how to cope with the damage? Why don’t you do all this in a more institutionalized manner? For instance, you can start a discussion group on the internet. You can establish ” Narcissists Anonymous” in some community shelter (despite your temporary incapacity). You can open a correspondence network, a help center for women in your condition … the possibilities are endless. And it will instill in you a regained sense of self worth, a purpose, self-confidence and reassurance. It is only by helping others that we can help ourselves.
This is, of course, a suggestion – not a prescription. But it demonstrates the ways in which you can derive power from adversity.
(c) It is easy for the Narcissist to think about Pathological Narcissism as the source of all that is evil and wrong in his life. Narcissism is a catchall phrase, a conceptual scapegoat, an evil seed. It conveniently encapsulates the predicament of the Narcissist. It introduces logic and causal relations into his baffled, tumultuous world. But this is a trap. The human psyche is too complex to be captured by a single, all-encompassing explanation, however convincing. The road to self-help and self-betterment passes through numerous junctions and stations. Narcissism is the first and the foremost. But there are many other participants in the complex dynamics that is the soul of the Narcissist. The Narcissist should take responsibility for his life and not relegate it to some hitherto rather obscure psychodynamic concept. This is the first and most important step to healing.
REFRRENCES:(1) Freud S. – Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality (1905) – Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud – Vol. 7 – Hogarth Press, 1964
(2) Horowitz M.J. – Sliding Meanings: A defense against threat in narcissistic personalities – International Journal of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy – 1975;4:167
(3) Kernberg O. – Borderline Conditions and Pathological Narcissism – Jason Aronson, 1975
(4) Kohut M. – The Analysis of the Self – International Universities Press, 1971