Organic And Biological Compounds

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Organic And Biological Compounds Essay, Research Paper

Chapter 13 Organic and Biological Compounds

I.Simple Organic Compounds

A. Organic Compounds

1.Most compounds that contain the element carbon are organic

compounds.

Ie: More than 90% of all compounds are organic compounds.

2.The word organic comes from the word organism.

Ie: At one time, scientists assumed that only living organisms could produce organic compounds.

B. Hydrocarbons

1.The chemical formula to methane is CH4.

Ie: Found in natural gas used by most people.

2.Hydrocarbons containing only single-bounded carbon atoms are called saturated hydrocarbons.

Ie: Is joined by single covalent bonds.

3.Hydrocarbons, such as ethane and ethyne, that contain at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms are called unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Ie: Fats and oils are classified as unsaturated hydrocarbons.

C. Isomers

1.Another hydrocarbon also has the same chemical formula as butane.

Ie: The chemical formula for butane is C4H10.

2.Isomers are compounds that have identical formulas but different molecular structures and shapes.

Ie: There are thousands of isomers in hydrocarbons.

II.Other Organic Compounds

A. Aromatic Compounds

1.An aromatic compound is a compound that contains the benzene ring structure.

Ie: The chemical formula for benzene is C6H6.

2.Knowing the structure of benzene can help you picture hundreds of different aromatic organic compounds.

Ie: One example is naphthalene.

B. Substituted Hydrocarbons

1.A substituted hydrocarbon has one or more of its hydrogen atoms replaced by atoms of other elements.

Ie: A compound used in dry cleaning, tetrachloroethene, is a substituted hydrocarbon.

2.The prefix tetra means “four,” and chloro- refers to chlorine.

Ie: Tetrachloroethene

3.An alcohol is formed when -OH groups replace one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon.

Ie: Alcohol

III.Alternative Sources of Energy

A. Why Not New Fuels?

1.Biomass refers to all animal and plant material, both dead and alive.

Ie: Wood, leaves, animal and human wastes, and food are all biomass.

Biogas is mainly methane, just like natural gas.

Bibliography

Physcial Science, Merrill

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