Irrational Thinking Essay, Research Paper
To understand this concept you must first know the definition of the term
fallacy. Fallacy is defined as deception, an error in logic, or an often
plausible argument using false or invalid inference. In this course we learned
that there were eight fallacies: perfection, approval, should,
overgeneralization, causation, helplessness, and catastrophic causation. In this
paper I will attempt to explain each of them. The fallacy of perfection is when
a person that thinks that everything must be perfect. It can be as innocent as
someone who must keep their things neat and clean or as extreme as a person
cleans constantly because they don’t feel that anything is clean enough. In
their eyes, everything must be flawless. A person with this fallacy may most
commonly be known as a perfectionist. One of their setbacks is that they are
some busy perfecting that they don’t have time to do other things. The fallacy
of approval is when a person that insures that they say and do is acceptable to
others. They are people pleasers, willing to do anything to make everyone happy
and often say what the listeners want to hear. They are sometimes known as
two-faded because they are on everyone’s side of an argument. Most often
affected by this fallacy are adolescents because they thrive on peer approval. A
downfall is that the individual is so consumed with pleasing other the it may be
difficult for them to find self-fulfillment. The fallacy of should is when a
person confuses what they want with what should be. They never understand why
things are not going their way. This fallacy, unlike most of the others, can
sometimes be beneficial, in moderation, in careers fields such as law
enforcement and politics. In these field, in general, what the individual want
usually will benefit public. On the other in hand, an extreme fallacy of should
can be disasterist. One such example in history is Nazi Germany. Hitler’s
fallacy of should lead to the death of thousands of people. The fallacy of
over-generalization uses the expressions "always" and
"never" frequently. These people often times have trouble recognizing
the things people do "often" especially if it is some thing position.
For instance in an argument they may use statements like, " You never help
me with the kids." or "You always leave the toilet seat up. As a
consequence of this fallacy the person that they are arguing with may become
considerably defective. The fallacy of helplessness is when a person feels that
they have no control over any situation. They feel that they are hindered by
obstacles and they have say in the outcome. The example that stands of in my
mind is when African-American males say that they are oppressed by "the
man" ( referring to white people). This is their justification for not
being able to hold a steady job and any other unjust treatment they receive.
What a lot of these people with this fallacy fell to realize is their part in
the injustice (i.e. police record, excessively tardy to work) Another pitfall of
this fallacy is that it leads to stereotypes and prejudice. The fallacies of
causation and catastrophic causation with the exception of catastrophic
causation is too the extreme. The word causation means that the person feels
that everything that can go wrong will go wrong. They also feel that their
thoughts and feelings cause negative emotion. I, personal, have never met anyone
with either of these fallacies but I would think that a effect of having one of
them would damage them socially because of their fear of an unfavorable outcome.
Each fallacy affects people a different way but by knowing and understand each
of them I have a better understanding for why act or react the way that they do.
This was the most beneficial concept I learned in this course.